Rack market

Billings, MT

#150 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals

OPIS rack code 780 Gasoline & diesel Aviation gasoline Ethanol

terminals: 2
pipeline systems delivering: 0
refineries in market: 3
refineries supplying market: 2
people in the trade area: 238,525
gal/day gasoline · estimated demand: 328,803
gal/day diesel · estimated demand: 176,459

Terminals in this market

Terminal	TCN	Location	Delivered by
CHS Petroleum Terminal-Laurel	T-81-MT-4005	Laurel, MT	no pipeline tariff on file
Phillips 66 Pipeline - Billings	T-81-MT-4000	Billings, MT	no pipeline tariff on file

Pipelines delivering to this market

No pipeline tariff delivers to a terminal in this market on file: it is supplied by truck, rail or water, or the tariff has not been read yet.

Refineries that can supply this market

Running refineries that can reach a terminal here by published route, including across connecting carriers, confirmed links first. 2 are confirmed or named in a tariff; 0 are per research; 0 are inferred because the refinery shares a city with a tariff origin. Capacity, contracts and who actually ships are not known from tariffs. Located in this market (nearest rack market, within 50 miles): CHS Inc. Laurel Refinery (Cenex); Phillips 66 Billings Refinery; Par Montana Billings Refinery (formerly ExxonMobil Billings).

Refinery	Location	Via	Link
CHS Inc. Laurel Refinery (Cenex)	Laurel, MT		named in a tariff
Par Montana Billings Refinery (formerly ExxonMobil Billings)	Billings, MT		named in a tariff

Trade area

people in the trade area · 2025 estimate: 238,525
rank of 422 rack markets by people: #302
gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025: 328,803
gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025: 176,459
counties wholly in this market: 5
counties shared with other markets: 11

County	State	Share here	People counted here	Gasoline gal/day	Diesel gal/day	County population	Miles
Yellowstone County	MT	100%	172,692	181,270	74,349	172,692	23
Park County	WY	46%	14,395	29,581	17,380	31,171	97
Carbon County	MT	100%	11,466	21,737	10,337	11,466	39
Stillwater County	MT	100%	9,445	23,628	23,667	9,445	37
Big Horn County	MT	60%	7,626	18,678	15,578	12,752	58
Musselshell County	MT	100%	5,582	7,033	3,477	5,582	55
Teton County	WY	21%	4,928	14,064	6,331	23,333	145
Rosebud County	MT	45%	3,744	7,732	5,792	8,253	99
Fergus County	MT	27%	3,157	4,232	1,754	11,825	108
Sweet Grass County	MT	41%	1,525	7,622	8,527	3,762	64
Phillips County	MT	26%	1,076	1,756	832	4,203	178
Golden Valley County	MT	100%	844	3,294	1,799	844	53
Wheatland County	MT	29%	606	1,539	754	2,100	80
Treasure County	MT	76%	551	4,027	4,529	728	74
Garfield County	MT	47%	545	1,573	811	1,148	132
Petroleum County	MT	63%	345	1,042	544	548	100

Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.

How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.

Cost to serve this market by pipeline

No published pipeline rate into a terminal here is on file yet. Markets supplied by truck, rail or water have no tariff to read.

Supply resilience

pipeline supply: No pipeline
pipeline systems delivering: 0
terminals on two or more pipelines: 0
terminals with no pipeline tariff: 2

No pipeline tariff delivers here on file: the market depends on truck, rail or water, or its tariff has not been read.

Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.

Around the market

This market Its terminals Nearby market

Open supply footprint in full map

Pump prices nearby

$4.458 Regular gasoline · PADD 4 · -0.2% on the week · +48.8% on the year

$6.521 Diesel · PADD 4 · +1.5% on the week · +81.9% on the year

EIA weekly retail survey, week of 2026-10-26: the closest area EIA reports, not this market alone.

Fuel taxes · Montana

52.2 ¢/gal Gasoline · state 33.8¢ + federal 18.4¢ (excise 33.0¢, other state taxes and fees 0.8¢)

54.9 ¢/gal Diesel · state 30.5¢ + federal 24.4¢ (excise 29.8¢, other state taxes and fees 0.8¢)

Taxed at: distributor / wholesaler
Figured on gross gallons
Counties or cities may add their own fuel tax.

Rates: EIA, in effect July 1, 2026, without county or city taxes. Rules: Federation of Tax Administrators, September 2025. Not tax advice: check the state agency before relying on a rate.

Terminal operators

2 operators; the largest, CHS, runs 50% of the terminals.

CHS 1 terminal · 50%
Phillips 66 1 terminal · 50%

Concentration index 5,000 (10,000 = one operator). By terminal count as named on the IRS list, not volume; affiliates under other names may be counted apart.

In the state

7 rack markets in MT.

Source

Rack markets are our own grouping of terminals, with the matching OPIS rack code shown for reference. Terminals from the IRS Terminal Control Number list; pipeline reach from published FERC and state tariffs; refinery links from tariffs and sourced research.

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.