Rack market

Milwaukee, WI

#6 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals

OPIS rack city 444 Gasoline & diesel Biodiesel Ethanol

terminals: 11
pipeline systems delivering: 1
refineries confirmed: 0
more per research or by route: 0
people in the trade area: 1,778,020
gal/day gasoline · estimated demand: 1,759,069
gal/day diesel · estimated demand: 370,507

Terminals in this market

Terminal	TCN	Location	Delivered by
Aircraft Service International Inc.	T-39-WI-3092	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
Buckeye Terminals, Llc- Granville Terminal	T-39-WI-3062	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
Citgo Petroleum Corporation - Milwaukee Terminal	T-39-WI-3068	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
Flint Hills Resources L.p. - Milwaukee Fuels Terminal	T-39-WI-3073	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
Jacobus Petroleum Marine Terminal	T-39-WI-3081	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
Shell Oil Products US	T-39-WI-3095	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
U.s. Oil Milwaukee Central Terminal	T-39-WI-3090	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
U.s. Oil Milwaukee South Terminal	T-39-WI-3084	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
U.s. Oil Milwaukee West	T-39-WI-3076	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
U.s.oil Milwaukee North Terminal	T-39-WI-3086	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline
West Shore Pipeline Company	T-72-WI-0001	Milwaukee, WI	West Shore Pipeline

Pipelines delivering to this market

Each system with a tariff delivery point at one of this market’s terminals, and how many running refineries can ship on it to here.

Pipeline system	Terminals here	Delivery points	Refineries confirmed	All reachable
West Shore Pipeline	11	2	0	0

Refineries that can supply this market

No refinery has a published pipeline route here on file.

Trade area

people in the trade area · 2025 estimate: 1,778,020
rank of 422 rack markets by people: #50
gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025: 1,759,069
gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025: 370,507
counties wholly in this market: 0
counties shared with other markets: 11

County	State	Share here	People counted here	Gasoline gal/day	Diesel gal/day	County population	Miles
Milwaukee County	WI	85%	783,550	620,896	123,041	924,216	16
Waukesha County	WI	55%	227,421	253,073	47,039	417,210	17
Dane County	WI	36%	210,646	229,172	57,048	590,375	71
Racine County	WI	72%	142,267	133,612	23,220	198,919	27
Washington County	WI	70%	97,982	126,914	24,793	139,238	22
Ozaukee County	WI	73%	68,807	82,285	16,151	94,346	27
Sheboygan County	WI	57%	66,956	75,778	18,258	118,047	45
Kenosha County	WI	37%	61,837	67,661	11,630	168,448	38
Jefferson County	WI	55%	47,318	71,700	24,490	86,505	40
Walworth County	WI	38%	40,371	52,085	9,830	106,127	42
Dodge County	WI	35%	30,872	45,891	15,006	89,097	41

Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.

How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.

Cost to serve this market by pipeline

What it costs to move a gallon here from each pipeline origin at filed tariff rates: line-haul, the cost of financing the product on the way and in the tank, pipeline loss, and terminaling. It is a cost at filed rates, not a market price: add it to the origin spot price for a delivered cost. Lines marked "estimate" are placeholders until the pipeline or terminal figure is on file; in the routes table, * marks a figure taken from the tariff.

Gasoline: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder: 4.14
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published: 1.85
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated: 0.46
¢/gal · pipeline loss · estimate: 0.33
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate: 1.50
days financed: 8.8

Lowest route: from Romeoville on West Shore Pipeline to Granville (FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line

Line	¢/gal	Basis	Source or working
Line-haul tariff	1.853	published	West Shore Pipeline FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates: Romeoville (Will County), IL (incl. connected plants at Lemont and Lockport) → Granville (Milwaukee County), WI, 77.82 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost	0.463	calculated	$3.260000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 8.778 days (1.278 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 123 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate)
Pipeline loss	0.326	estimate	flat estimate $0.0033/gal, applied 1 time
Terminaling	1.500	estimate	Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder	4.141		Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (2 of 2). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Terminals	Line-haul	Carrying	Loss	Terminaling	Adder ¢/gal	Days	Origin must be cheaper by	Tariff
Romeoville (Will County), IL (incl. connected plants at Lemont and Lockport)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	11 terminals	1.85	0.46	0.33	1.50	4.14	8.8	—	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Hammond (Lake County), IN (incl. connected plants at East Chicago)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	11 terminals	1.85	0.46	0.33	1.50	4.14	8.8	0.00	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates

Diesel: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder: 4.42
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published: 1.78
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated: 0.67
¢/gal · pipeline loss · estimate: 0.47
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate: 1.50
days financed: 8.8

Lowest route: from Blue Island on West Shore Pipeline to Granville (FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line

Line	¢/gal	Basis	Source or working
Line-haul tariff	1.785	published	West Shore Pipeline FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates: Blue Island (Cook County), IL (ULSD only) → Granville (Milwaukee County), WI, 74.95 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost	0.667	calculated	$4.700000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 8.784 days (1.284 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 123 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate)
Pipeline loss	0.470	estimate	flat estimate $0.0047/gal, applied 1 time
Terminaling	1.500	estimate	Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder	4.422		Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (3 of 3). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Terminals	Line-haul	Carrying	Loss	Terminaling	Adder ¢/gal	Days	Origin must be cheaper by	Tariff
Blue Island (Cook County), IL (ULSD only)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	11 terminals	1.78	0.67	0.47	1.50	4.42	8.8	—	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Romeoville (Will County), IL (incl. connected plants at Lemont and Lockport)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	11 terminals	1.85	0.67	0.47	1.50	4.49	8.8	0.07	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Hammond (Lake County), IN (incl. connected plants at East Chicago)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	11 terminals	1.85	0.67	0.47	1.50	4.49	8.8	0.07	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates

Inputs and assumptions behind these figures

Product value (for carrying cost and loss only): the prior day's spot price. Gasoline: OilPriceAPI GASOLINE_RBOB_USD, 2026-10-07. Diesel: OilPriceAPI HEATING_OIL_USD, 2026-10-07. These are the New York Harbor futures benchmarks, not a Gulf Coast price.
Interest rate: SOFR 3.90% (2026-10-06) + 2.0 points.
Transit (estimate): straight-line miles between the tariff origin and delivery point × 1.15, at 4.0 mph unless the pipeline has its own figure.
Days financed (estimate): transit, plus half a 5-day shipping cycle waiting to lift, plus 5 days of stock at the terminal.
Pipeline loss: the charge or volume deduction the tariff states, where it states one (marked *; a deduction is costed at the product value above). Otherwise an estimate of 0.10% of product value per pipeline, two for a joint rate; that includes pipelines that share out actual losses without publishing a figure.
Terminaling: the carrier's terminal charge where its tariff states one (marked *), otherwise a flat 1.5¢/gal estimate.
Rates used: each pipeline's ordinary filed rate. Committed, volume-tier, discount and bid rates are left out, as are conditional fees (shown on each pipeline page), additives, taxes and the value of line space.
Assumption set in force from 2026-10-01; review by 2027-01-01.

Published line-haul rates, all products and rate types

¢/gal · cheapest gasoline · from Hammond on West Shore Pipeline: 1.85
¢/gal · cheapest diesel · from Blue Island on West Shore Pipeline: 1.79
¢/gal · cheapest jet fuel · from Hammond on West Shore Pipeline: 1.85

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Product	¢/bbl	¢/gal	Tariff
Blue Island (Cook County), IL (ULSD only)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	distillate	74.95	1.79	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Hammond (Lake County), IN (incl. connected plants at East Chicago)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	gasoline, distillate, jet fuel	77.82	1.85	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Hammond (Lake County), IN (incl. connected plants at East Chicago)	West Shore Pipeline	Mitchell Field (Milwaukee County), WI	jet fuel	77.82	1.85	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Romeoville (Will County), IL (incl. connected plants at Lemont and Lockport)	West Shore Pipeline	Granville (Milwaukee County), WI	gasoline, distillate, jet fuel	77.82	1.85	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates
Romeoville (Will County), IL (incl. connected plants at Lemont and Lockport)	West Shore Pipeline	Mitchell Field (Milwaukee County), WI	jet fuel	77.82	1.85	FERC No. 71.61.0 item Table of Rates

Supply resilience

pipeline supply: One pipeline
pipeline systems delivering: 1
terminals on two or more pipelines: 0
terminals with no pipeline tariff: 0

One pipeline system delivers here: West Shore Pipeline. An outage on it leaves the market to truck, rail or water.

If a pipeline system goes down

Pipeline system	Terminals it reaches here	With no other pipeline	Which
West Shore Pipeline	11	11	Aircraft Service International Inc.; Buckeye Terminals, Llc- Granville Terminal; Citgo Petroleum Corporation - Milwaukee Terminal; Flint Hills Resources L.p. - Milwaukee Fuels Terminal; Jacobus Petroleum Marine Terminal; Shell Oil Products US; U.s. Oil Milwaukee Central Terminal; U.s. Oil Milwaukee South Terminal; U.s. Oil Milwaukee West; U.s.oil Milwaukee North Terminal; West Shore Pipeline Company

Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.

Delivered ethanol cost

¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · lowest in the market: -2.86
¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · highest: -2.61

An estimate for each terminal: the cheapest of published rail rates and trucking from the nearest plants, plus basis, transload, terminaling and carrying cost. Each terminal page shows the build-up line by line.

Terminal	¢/gal over Chicago	By	From	Miles
Shell Oil Products US	-2.86	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	170
Aircraft Service International Inc.	-2.85	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	170
Jacobus Petroleum Marine Terminal	-2.69	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	173
Buckeye Terminals, Llc- Granville Terminal	-2.63	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	174
U.s. Oil Milwaukee West	-2.63	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	174
U.s. Oil Milwaukee South Terminal	-2.62	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	175
West Shore Pipeline Company	-2.62	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	175
Citgo Petroleum Corporation - Milwaukee Terminal	-2.62	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	175
Flint Hills Resources L.p. - Milwaukee Fuels Terminal	-2.62	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	175
U.s. Oil Milwaukee Central Terminal	-2.61	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	175
U.s.oil Milwaukee North Terminal	-2.61	truck	ADM Clinton IA (Clinton, IA)	175

Nearby rack markets

Rack markets within 75 miles (straight line): where a buyer here could also lift.

Rack market	Miles	Terminals	Pipelines
Madison, WI	12	1	—
Waupun, WI	52	1	—
Oshkosh, WI	70	1	—
Des Plaines, IL	75	4	1

Around the market

This market Its terminals Nearby market

Open supply footprint in full map

Pump prices nearby

$4.109 Regular gasoline · PADD 2 · -4.2% on the week · +40.3% on the year

$6.286 Diesel · PADD 2 · -3.7% on the week · +68.5% on the year

EIA weekly retail survey, week of 2026-10-05: the closest area EIA reports, not this market alone.

Fuel taxes · Wisconsin

51.3 ¢/gal Gasoline · state 32.9¢ + federal 18.4¢ (excise 30.9¢, other state taxes and fees 2.0¢)

57.3 ¢/gal Diesel · state 32.9¢ + federal 24.4¢ (excise 30.9¢, other state taxes and fees 2.0¢)

Taxed at: terminal rack
Figured on gross gallons

Rates: EIA, in effect July 1, 2026, without county or city taxes. Rules: Federation of Tax Administrators, September 2025. Not tax advice: check the state agency before relying on a rate.

Terminal operators

11 operators; the largest, Aircraft Service International, runs 9% of the terminals.

Aircraft Service International 1 terminal · 9%
Buckeye 1 terminal · 9%
Citgo 1 terminal · 9%
Flint Hills 1 terminal · 9%
Jacobus Petroleum Marine Terminal 1 terminal · 9%
Shell 1 terminal · 9%
U.s. Oil Milwaukee Central Terminal 1 terminal · 9%
U.s. Oil Milwaukee South Terminal 1 terminal · 9%

Concentration index 909 (10,000 = one operator). By terminal count as named on the IRS list, not volume; affiliates under other names may be counted apart.

In the state

9 rack markets in WI.

Source

Rack market list and codes from OPIS; terminals from the IRS Terminal Control Number list; pipeline reach from published FERC and state tariffs; refinery links from tariffs and sourced research. Rack prices and suppliers posting at each terminal are not shown yet.

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.