Fuels refinery

Big Spring Refinery (Alon USA / Delek)

Alon USA, LP (subsidiary of Delek US Holdings; refinery infrastructure/pipelines owned by DKL Big Spring, LLC, a Delek Logistics Partners subsidiary) · Delek US Holdings, Inc. · Big Spring, TX

Operating PADD3 IRS refinery no. R-74-TX-0109 asphalt jet fuel

Big Spring Refinery, Big Spring, Texas (viewed from north side of Interstate 20) Photo: James St. John · CC BY 2.0 · source

bpd crude capacity · EIA 2026: 73,000
pipelines it injects into · +1 same-city tariff origins: 0
delivery points reachable: 2
terminals on those points: 3
events on record: 2

Capability

Crude distillation 73,000 bpd operable, 73,000 operating (EIA-820, as of 2026-01-01). Downstream units below, barrels per calendar day.

Conversion — makes gasoline and diesel from heavier oil

Catalytic cracking (FCC)

22,000

Upgrading

Catalytic reforming — low pressure	20,000
Vacuum distillation	28,000 sd

Treating — meets sulfur specs

Hydrotreating — diesel	24,000 sd
Hydrotreating — kerosene & jet	5,000 sd
Hydrotreating — naphtha / reformer feed	25,500 sd
Hydrotreating — heavy gas oil	6,300 sd

Production capacity

Alkylates · 5,000 Aromatics · 1,000 Asphalt road oil · 7,600 Sulfur short tons day · 100

Crude slate

Sour (WTS) and sweet (WTI) Permian Basin crude oils, sourced primarily from the Midland, TX and Cushing, OK market areas; Nelson complexity 10.5 (per 2014 SEC filing).

Crude in & products out

Direction	Mode	Route	Point / origin	Products	Source
crude in	pipeline	Centurion Pipeline Alon ships crude on Centurion's (Occidental) pipeline system from the Centurion Midland Terminal to the Big Spring refinery via a dedicated Centurion Custody Metering Station and tie-in pipeline.	Centurion Midland Terminal, Midland, TX	crude	source
crude in	pipeline	Amdel Pipeline Bi-directional common-carrier pipeline Alon owns/controls that can deliver waterborne/Gulf Coast crude from Nederland, TX to Midland/Big Spring; historically used as a contingency supply when the Mesa Pipeline System (West Texas gathering, ~90% of crude supply circa 2006) was threatened with shutdown.	Nederland, TX (Gulf Coast)	crude	source
crude in	pipeline	Big Spring Gateway (BSG) crude gathering system Sunoco Logistics-owned ~450-mile crude gathering/transportation system built to provide delivery directly into Alon's Big Spring Refinery in addition to the BridgeTex Pipeline.	Martin, Howard, Glasscock, Midland, Mitchell counties, Permian Basin	crude	source
crude in	pipeline	Delek Permian Basin gathering system Delek began developing its own ~200-mile gathering system in the Permian Basin post-2017 connecting to the Big Spring, TX terminal for direct wellhead crude access; ~50 miles operational as of Dec 31, 2018.	Permian Basin, connecting to Big Spring terminal	crude	source
products out	pipeline	Magellan Orion Pipeline Delek Logistics has active connections to the Magellan Orion Pipeline enabling it to ship product from its terminals (including product produced at Big Spring) and acquire product from other shippers.		gasoline distillate	source
products out	pipeline	Holly Energy Partners (HEP) pipeline to Abilene Terminal Delek Logistics receives product at its Abilene Terminal via a pipeline it built to connect to the HEP-owned pipeline, through which Delek ships product produced at the Big Spring refinery.	Abilene, TX	gasoline distillate	source
products out	pipeline	HF Sinclair / Holly Energy HF Sinclair's 10-K for 2022 says its 135-mile Midland to Orla pipeline ships refined product produced at the Big Spring refinery from Midland to the Orla tank farm. Midland, TX is the origin point in Texas HEP No. 24.10.0 (Midland to Orla) and FERC No. 68.5.0 (Midland to El Paso). The connection is at Midland, not at the plant.	Midland, TX	gasoline distillate	source
products out	pipeline	Alon-owned/operated product pipeline network Refining entity's own network of seven product pipelines totaling ~840 miles and five terminals (owned or accessed via lease/throughput agreements) distributing to West Texas, Central Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona.	Big Spring, TX	gasoline distillate asphalt	source
products out	pipeline	Abilene-to-Fort Worth pipeline 150-mile pipeline right acquired from Pride Companies LP in 2002 to extend Big Spring's reach into the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex.	Fort Worth, TX	gasoline distillate	source
products out	truck rack	DKL Big Spring truck rack (IRS T-75-TX-2656) On-site refinery terminal and rack. The IRS active fuel terminals list dated 8/30/2026 shows T-75-TX-2656, DKL Big Spring, at East I20 and Refinery Road, Big Spring, TX 79721.	Big Spring, TX	gasoline distillate jet fuel asphalt	source

Pipeline reach

Pipeline	Injects at	Delivery points	Terminals	Lowest ¢/bbl	Median ¢/bbl
HF Sinclair / Holly Energy	Midland, TX per research	2	3	87.27	209.52

Substitutes

Other refineries injecting into the same pipelines — the supply that could backfill an outage here.

HF Sinclair / Holly Energy

Hf Sinclair El Dorado Refining LLC · El Dorado, KS 162,000 bpd
Hf Sinclair Navajo Refining LLC · Artesia, NM 110,000 bpd
Tesoro Refining & Marketing CO · Salt Lake City, UT 70,000 bpd
Chevron USA INC · Salt Lake City, UT 54,720 bpd
Hf Sinclair Woods Cross Refining LLC · Woods Cross, UT 41,705 bpd

Events

2018-03-20 sale
Alon USA, LP entered a Pipelines, Storage and Throughput Facilities Agreement transferring operation of Big Spring's pipeline and storage assets to DKL Big Spring, LLC, a Delek Logistics Partners subsidiary. source
2017-07-01 sale
Delek US Holdings, Inc. completed an all-stock merger to acquire the remaining ~53% of Alon USA Energy, Inc. it did not already own, giving Delek full ownership of the Big Spring refinery (held via its majority interest in Alon USA Partners LP). source

Reach

This refinery Injection point Reachable delivery point

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Ownership

Alon Israel Oil Co. Ltd. acquired the Big Spring refinery in August 2000 (from Atofina/FINA's U.S. fuels marketing and refining assets). Delek US Holdings, Inc. completed an all-stock merger with Alon USA Energy, Inc. on July 1, 2017, giving Delek full ownership (Delek already held a majority interest in Alon USA Partners LP, the entity holding the Big Spring refinery). On March 20, 2018, Alon USA, LP entered a Pipelines, Storage and Throughput Facilities Agreement transferring the refinery's pipeline/tankage assets to DKL Big Spring, LLC (a Delek Logistics Partners, LP subsidiary), so refinery-adjacent logistics assets are now owned by Delek's midstream MLP rather than the refining entity itself.

Research

MEDIUM confidence · researched 2026-10-11

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.