Rack market

Duluth, MN

#151 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals

OPIS rack city 334 Gasoline & diesel Biodiesel Ethanol

terminals: 2
pipeline systems delivering: 1
refineries confirmed: 0
more per research or by route: 8
people in the trade area: 330,277
gal/day gasoline · estimated demand: 494,656
gal/day diesel · estimated demand: 197,223

Terminals in this market

Terminal	TCN	Location	Delivered by
Magellan Pipeline Company	T-41-MN-3405	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Midstream
Superior Refining Company LLC - Duluth Terminal	T-41-MN-3410	Proctor, MN	no pipeline tariff on file

Pipelines delivering to this market

Each system with a tariff delivery point at one of this market’s terminals, and how many running refineries can ship on it to here.

Pipeline system	Terminals here	Delivery points	Refineries confirmed	All reachable
Magellan Midstream	1	1	0	7

Refineries that can supply this market

Refinery	Location	Via	Link
CHS McPherson Refinery	Mcpherson, KS	Magellan Midstream	per research
Flint Hills Resources Pine Bend Refinery	Saint Paul, MN	Magellan Midstream	per research
Phillips 66 Ponca City Refinery	Ponca City, OK	Magellan Midstream, Phillips 66 Pipeline	per research
Valero Ardmore Refinery	Ardmore, OK	Magellan Midstream	per research
Borger Refinery (WRB Refining / Phillips 66)	Borger, TX	Phillips 66 Pipeline	inferred (same city)
CVR Wynnewood Refinery	Wynnewood, OK	Magellan Midstream	inferred (same city)
Cenovus Superior Refinery	Superior, WI	Magellan Midstream	inferred (same city)
HF Sinclair El Dorado Refinery	El Dorado, KS	Magellan Midstream	inferred (same city)

Trade area

people in the trade area · 2025 estimate: 330,277
rank of 422 rack markets by people: #263
gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025: 494,656
gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025: 197,223
counties wholly in this market: 0
counties shared with other markets: 24

County	State	Share here	People counted here	Gasoline gal/day	Diesel gal/day	County population	Miles
St. Louis County	MN	60%	119,449	146,926	38,880	200,518	63
Carlton County	MN	82%	29,927	46,943	23,148	36,711	16
Itasca County	MN	63%	28,713	35,826	10,355	45,404	83
Pine County	MN	67%	20,294	37,245	27,076	30,472	44
Crow Wing County	MN	29%	19,945	28,702	7,940	69,132	83
Douglas County	WI	41%	18,159	26,354	25,099	43,990	25
Aitkin County	MN	69%	11,167	20,043	6,846	16,252	52
Cass County	MN	31%	9,756	15,287	5,215	31,430	96
Ashland County	WI	50%	8,136	12,972	8,255	16,203	79
Houghton County	MI	21%	8,026	7,885	1,240	37,842	176
Bayfield County	WI	46%	7,692	20,864	12,732	16,787	55
Washburn County	WI	38%	6,479	17,400	6,515	17,087	60
Burnett County	WI	36%	6,195	12,133	4,155	17,223	55
Lake County	MN	53%	5,672	10,268	3,512	10,746	73
Sawyer County	WI	29%	5,388	11,874	3,077	18,846	79
Koochiching County	MN	39%	4,543	5,840	1,671	11,587	128
Kanabec County	MN	27%	4,456	5,222	1,893	16,628	68
Vilas County	WI	17%	4,113	7,737	1,562	23,761	142
Gogebic County	MI	25%	3,628	4,925	974	14,285	122
Cook County	MN	54%	2,986	7,297	2,469	5,522	120
Iron County	WI	35%	2,134	5,058	2,795	6,127	102
Baraga County	MI	18%	1,483	2,979	728	8,169	188
Ontonagon County	MI	24%	1,418	3,402	807	5,823	145
Keweenaw County	MI	24%	523	1,476	278	2,186	194

Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.

How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.

Cost to serve this market by pipeline

What it costs to move a gallon here from each pipeline origin at filed tariff rates: line-haul, the cost of financing the product on the way and in the tank, pipeline loss, and terminaling. It is a cost at filed rates, not a market price: add it to the origin spot price for a delivered cost. Lines marked "estimate" are placeholders until the pipeline or terminal figure is on file; in the routes table, * marks a figure taken from the tariff.

Gasoline: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder: 4.97
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published: 2.90
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated: 0.41
¢/gal · pipeline loss · published: 0.16
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate: 1.50
days financed: 7.7

Lowest route: from Superior, WI on Magellan Midstream to Wrenshall, MN (FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line

Line	¢/gal	Basis	Source or working
Line-haul tariff	2.902	published	Magellan Midstream FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206: Superior, WI → Wrenshall, MN, 121.87 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost	0.405	calculated	$3.260000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 7.687 days (0.187 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 18 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate)
Pipeline loss	0.163	published	Magellan Midstream FERC No. 157.39.0 (Central rules), tender deduction: 0.05% of volume at $3.2600/gal = 6.85 ¢/bbl
Terminaling	1.500	estimate	Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder	4.970		Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (7 of 7). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Terminals	Line-haul	Carrying	Loss	Terminaling	Adder ¢/gal	Days	Origin must be cheaper by	Tariff
Superior, WI	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	2.90	0.41	0.16*	1.50	4.97	7.7	—	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206
Kansas (Coffeyville/El Dorado/Kansas City Jct.)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	11.70	0.81	0.16*	1.50	14.17	15.3	9.20	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 201
Oklahoma Central (Ponca City)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	11.70	0.86	0.16*	1.50	14.22	16.2	9.25	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 200
McPherson, KS	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	12.23	0.79	0.16*	1.50	14.69	15.1	9.72	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 255
Wynnewood, OK	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	13.69	0.94	0.16*	1.50	16.29	17.9	11.32	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 204
Wichita - Kansas City Interconnect (Phillips 66 Carrier)	Magellan Midstream joint rate	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	13.67	0.81	0.98*	1.50	16.96	15.5	11.99	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 240
Wynnewood, OK / Ardmore, OK (Valero Partners Wynnewood)	Magellan Midstream joint rate	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	14.40	0.94	0.65	1.50	17.49	17.9	12.52	FERC No. 197.9.0 item 200

Diesel: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder: 5.27
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published: 2.90
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated: 0.62
¢/gal · pipeline loss · published: 0.25
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate: 1.50
days financed: 7.7

Lowest route: from Superior, WI on Magellan Midstream to Wrenshall, MN (FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line

Line	¢/gal	Basis	Source or working
Line-haul tariff	2.902	published	Magellan Midstream FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206: Superior, WI → Wrenshall, MN, 121.87 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost	0.621	calculated	$5.000000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 7.687 days (0.187 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 18 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate)
Pipeline loss	0.250	published	Magellan Midstream FERC No. 157.39.0 (Central rules), tender deduction: 0.05% of volume at $5.0000/gal = 10.50 ¢/bbl
Terminaling	1.500	estimate	Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder	5.273		Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Terminals	Line-haul	Carrying	Loss	Terminaling	Adder ¢/gal	Days	Origin must be cheaper by	Tariff
Superior, WI	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	2.90	0.62	0.25*	1.50	5.27	7.7	—	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206
Kansas (Coffeyville/El Dorado/Kansas City Jct.)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	11.70	1.24	0.25*	1.50	14.69	15.3	9.42	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 201
Oklahoma Central (Ponca City)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	11.70	1.31	0.25*	1.50	14.77	16.2	9.49	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 200
McPherson, KS	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	12.23	1.22	0.25*	1.50	15.20	15.1	9.93	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 255
Wynnewood, OK	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	13.69	1.44	0.25*	1.50	16.88	17.9	11.61	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 204
Wichita - Kansas City Interconnect (Phillips 66 Carrier)	Magellan Midstream joint rate	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	13.67	1.25	1.50*	1.50	17.92	15.5	12.65	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 240
Wynnewood, OK / Ardmore, OK (Valero Partners Wynnewood)	Magellan Midstream joint rate	Wrenshall, MN	Magellan Pipeline Company	14.40	1.44	1.00	1.50	18.35	17.9	13.07	FERC No. 197.9.0 item 200

Inputs and assumptions behind these figures

Product value (for carrying cost and loss only): the prior day's spot price. Gasoline: OilPriceAPI GASOLINE_RBOB_USD, 2026-10-07. Diesel: OilPriceAPI ULSD_DIESEL_USD, 2026-10-07. These are the New York Harbor futures benchmarks, not a Gulf Coast price.
Interest rate: SOFR 3.90% (2026-10-06) + 2.0 points.
Transit (estimate): straight-line miles between the tariff origin and delivery point × 1.15, at 4.0 mph unless the pipeline has its own figure.
Days financed (estimate): transit, plus half a 5-day shipping cycle waiting to lift, plus 5 days of stock at the terminal.
Pipeline loss: the charge or volume deduction the tariff states, where it states one (marked *; a deduction is costed at the product value above). Otherwise an estimate of 0.10% of product value per pipeline, two for a joint rate; that includes pipelines that share out actual losses without publishing a figure.
Terminaling: the carrier's terminal charge where its tariff states one (marked *), otherwise a flat 1.5¢/gal estimate.
Rates used: each pipeline's ordinary filed rate. Committed, volume-tier, discount and bid rates are left out, as are conditional fees (shown on each pipeline page), additives, taxes and the value of line space.
Assumption set in force from 2026-10-01; review by 2027-01-01.

Published line-haul rates, all products and rate types

¢/gal · cheapest gasoline · from Superior, WI on Magellan Midstream: 2.90
¢/gal · cheapest diesel · from Superior, WI on Magellan Midstream: 2.90
¢/gal · cheapest jet fuel · from Wynnewood, OK / Ardmore, OK on Magellan Midstream: 14.40

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Product	¢/bbl	¢/gal	Refineries at the origin	Tariff
Superior, WI	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate	121.87	2.90	Cenovus Superior Refinery	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 206
Oklahoma Central (Ponca City)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate	491.57	11.70	Phillips 66 Ponca City Refinery	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 200
Kansas (Coffeyville/El Dorado/Kansas City Jct.)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate	491.57	11.70	HF Sinclair El Dorado Refinery	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 201
McPherson, KS	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate	513.72	12.23	CHS McPherson Refinery	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 255
Wichita - Kansas City Interconnect (Phillips 66 Carrier)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate	574.12	13.67		FERC No. 160.59.0 item 240
Wynnewood, OK	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate	574.90	13.69	CVR Wynnewood Refinery	FERC No. 160.59.0 item 204
Wynnewood, OK / Ardmore, OK (Valero Partners Wynnewood)	Magellan Midstream	Wrenshall, MN	gasoline, distillate, jet fuel	604.84	14.40	Valero Ardmore Refinery; CVR Wynnewood Refinery	FERC No. 197.9.0 item 200

Supply resilience

pipeline supply: One pipeline
pipeline systems delivering: 1
terminals on two or more pipelines: 0
terminals with no pipeline tariff: 1

One pipeline system delivers here: Magellan Midstream. An outage on it leaves the market to truck, rail or water.

If a pipeline system goes down

Pipeline system	Terminals it reaches here	With no other pipeline	Which
Magellan Midstream	1	1	Magellan Pipeline Company

Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.

Delivered ethanol cost

¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · lowest in the market: -2.02
¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · highest: -1.60

An estimate for each terminal: the cheapest of published rail rates and trucking from the nearest plants, plus basis, transload, terminaling and carrying cost. Each terminal page shows the build-up line by line.

Terminal	¢/gal over Chicago	By	From	Miles
Magellan Pipeline Company	-2.02	truck	Bushmills Ethanol Inc (Atwater, MN)	187
Superior Refining Company LLC - Duluth Terminal	-1.60	truck	Bushmills Ethanol Inc (Atwater, MN)	195

Nearby rack markets

Rack markets within 75 miles (straight line): where a buyer here could also lift.

Rack market	Miles	Terminals	Pipelines
Superior, WI	13	1	—

Around the market

This market Its terminals Nearby market

Open supply footprint in full map

Pump prices nearby

$4.200 Regular gasoline · Minnesota · -2.7% on the week · +42.9% on the year

$6.286 Diesel · PADD 2 · -3.7% on the week · +68.5% on the year

EIA weekly retail survey, week of 2026-10-05: the closest area EIA reports, not this market alone.

Fuel taxes · Minnesota

51.1 ¢/gal Gasoline · state 32.7¢ + federal 18.4¢ (excise 32.6¢, other state taxes and fees 0.1¢)

57.1 ¢/gal Diesel · state 32.7¢ + federal 24.4¢ (excise 32.6¢, other state taxes and fees 0.1¢)

Taxed at: distributor / wholesaler
Figured on gross gallons
Rates change annually on January 1 based on the Minnesota Highway Construction Cost Index (posted August 1); a new rate takes effect 1/1/2026 (amount not given) and increases are capped at 3% from January 1, 2026.

Rates: EIA, in effect July 1, 2026, without county or city taxes. Rules: Federation of Tax Administrators, September 2025. Not tax advice: check the state agency before relying on a rate.

Terminal operators

2 operators; the largest, ONEOK / Magellan, runs 50% of the terminals.

ONEOK / Magellan 1 terminal · 50%
Superior Refining Company 1 terminal · 50%

Concentration index 5,000 (10,000 = one operator). By terminal count as named on the IRS list, not volume; affiliates under other names may be counted apart.

In the state

11 rack markets in MN.

Source

Rack market list and codes from OPIS; terminals from the IRS Terminal Control Number list; pipeline reach from published FERC and state tariffs; refinery links from tariffs and sourced research. Rack prices and suppliers posting at each terminal are not shown yet.

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.