Supply Explorer
Rack market

Birmingham, AL

#16 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals

OPIS rack code 615 Gasoline & diesel Biodiesel Ethanol
terminals
9
pipeline systems delivering
2
refineries in market
0
refineries supplying market
21
people in the trade area
1,597,523
gal/day gasoline · estimated demand
2,935,044
gal/day diesel · estimated demand
856,646

Terminals in this market

The racks that post prices in this market. Pipelines = systems with a tariff delivery point at the terminal.
Terminal TCN Location Delivered by
Buckeye Terminals, LLC T-63-AL-2312 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Birmingham T-63-AL-2309 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
CITGO - Birmingham T-63-AL-2302 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Chevron USA Incorporated- Birmingham T-63-AL-2301 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Circle K Terminal Alabama LLC T-63-AL-2340 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Equilon Enterprises LLC T-63-AL-2308 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Kinder Morgan Southeast Terminals LLC T-63-AL-2307 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Marathon Birmingham T-63-AL-2306 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Sunoco LLC T-72-AL-2343 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline

Pipelines delivering to this market

Each system with a tariff delivery point at one of this market’s terminals, and how many running refineries can ship on it to here.

Pipeline system Terminals here Delivery points Refineries confirmed All reachable
Colonial Pipeline 9 1 0 17
Plantation Pipeline 9 1 0 6

Refineries that can supply this market

Running refineries that can reach a terminal here by published route, including across connecting carriers, confirmed links first. 0 are confirmed or named in a tariff; 20 are per research; 1 are inferred because the refinery shares a city with a tariff origin. Capacity, contracts and who actually ships are not known from tariffs. No running refinery is located in this market (nearest rack market, within 50 miles).
Refinery Location Via Link
CITGO Lake Charles Refinery Lake Charles, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Calcasieu Refining Company Lake Charles, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Chevron Pasadena Refinery (Pasadena Refining System, Inc.) Pasadena, TX Colonial Pipeline, Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) per research
Chevron Pascagoula Refinery Pascagoula, MS Plantation Pipeline per research
ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Refinery Baton Rouge, LA Bengal Pipeline, Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline per research
ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery Baytown, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery Beaumont, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Krotz Springs Refinery Krotz Springs, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Marathon Galveston Bay Refinery Galveston Bay, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Marathon Garyville Refinery Garyville, LA Bengal Pipeline, Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX), Plantation Pipeline per research
Motiva Port Arthur Refinery Port Arthur, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Pemex Deer Park Refinery (Deer Park Refining Limited Partnership) Deer Park, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Phillips 66 Lake Charles Refinery (Lake Charles Manufacturing Complex) Westlake, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Placid Refining Company Port Allen Refinery Port Allen, LA Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline per research
Shell Norco Manufacturing Complex (Norco Refinery) Norco, LA Bengal Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline per research
Valero Houston Refinery Houston, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Valero Meraux Refinery Meraux, LA Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline per research
Valero Port Arthur Refinery Port Arthur, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Valero St. Charles Refinery (Norco Refinery) Norco, LA Bengal Pipeline per research
Valero Texas City Refinery Texas City, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
TotalEnergies Port Arthur Refinery Port Arthur, TX Colonial Pipeline inferred (same city)

Trade area

people in the trade area · 2025 estimate
1,597,523
rank of 422 rack markets by people
#60
gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025
2,935,044
gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025
856,646
counties wholly in this market
3
counties shared with other markets
16
An estimate of who lifts here. Each county goes to its nearest rack market with terminals; a market within 1.5 times that distance (or 25 miles more) shares it, up to 4 markets, weighted toward the closer one and the one with more terminals. Distances are straight-line from the county’s centre. Shares of a county always add to 100%, so the people counted across all markets add back to the U.S. total.
County State Share here People counted here Gasoline gal/day Diesel gal/day County population Miles
Jefferson County AL 100% 665,742 1,293,458 358,307 665,742 7
Shelby County AL 100% 238,552 387,887 89,343 238,552 18
Tuscaloosa County AL 71% 171,033 303,140 95,409 241,368 39
Morgan County AL 65% 81,759 144,258 38,216 126,483 69
Cullman County AL 75% 70,657 136,948 49,058 94,009 46
Walker County AL 100% 65,140 126,422 47,874 65,140 34
St. Clair County AL 59% 58,177 114,523 49,425 98,206 37
Blount County AL 81% 48,540 78,018 25,624 60,156 40
Marshall County AL 43% 44,024 66,251 11,097 103,537 67
Talladega County AL 48% 38,998 78,272 23,684 81,603 41
Chilton County AL 44% 21,111 50,331 24,757 47,708 43
Lowndes County MS 36% 20,587 32,043 10,464 57,346 90
Bibb County AL 77% 17,186 30,874 7,075 22,262 34
Winston County AL 67% 15,975 22,898 4,600 23,829 56
Monroe County MS 37% 12,481 22,983 9,952 33,318 97
Fayette County AL 67% 10,698 17,575 3,863 15,872 54
Lamar County AL 55% 7,512 11,737 2,617 13,587 73
Clay County MS 31% 5,705 7,896 2,687 18,238 111
Coosa County AL 36% 3,633 9,507 2,586 10,161 52

Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.

How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.

Cost to serve this market by pipeline

What it costs to move a gallon here from a supply origin at filed tariff rates: line-haul, the cost of financing the product on the way and in the tank, pipeline loss, and terminaling. It is a cost at filed rates, not a market price: add it to the origin spot price for a delivered cost. The figure shown is the lowest route that starts where product enters the pipeline system; where a second pipeline is needed to reach here, both are costed. Lines marked "estimate" are placeholders until the pipeline or terminal figure is on file; in the routes table, * marks a figure taken from the tariff.

Gasoline: product adder

¢/gal · product adder
5.07
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published
2.42
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated
0.72
¢/gal · pipeline loss · published
0.44
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate
1.50
days financed
14.1

Route used: from Houston on Colonial Pipeline to Birmingham (FERC 99.95.0 item 1). 6 routes in the table show a lower figure. They start part-way along a pipeline or at a secondary origin, so they leave out the cost of getting product there and do not set this figure.

How this adder is worked, line by line
Line ¢/gal Basis Source or working
Line-haul tariff 2.419 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 99.95.0 item 1: Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) → Birmingham (Jefferson County), 101.60 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost 0.719 calculated $3.160000/gal × 5.8800% ÷ 365 × 14.123 days (6.623 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 636 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (Colonial Pipeline public statements: about 4 mph on the mainlines, 5-day shipping cycles)
Pipeline loss 0.436 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 98.74.0 item 76, Product Loss Allocation charge: 18.31 ¢/bbl
Terminaling 1.500 estimate Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder 5.074 Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (11 of 11). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the price at the origin of the route used above a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin Pipeline Delivery point Terminals Line-haul Carrying Loss Terminaling Adder ¢/gal Days Origin must be cheaper by Tariff
Collins (Covington County) starts part-way along the line Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.08 0.50 0.44* 1.50 3.51 9.9 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge Dock Facility (W. Feliciana Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.51 0.58 0.44* 1.50 4.02 11.3 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge (E. Feliciana Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.51 0.58 0.44* 1.50 4.02 11.4 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Krotz Springs (St. Landry Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.62 0.60 0.44* 1.50 4.15 11.7 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Lake Charles (Calcasieu Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.97 0.65 0.44* 1.50 4.56 12.8 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Hebert (Beaumont - Port Arthur) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 2.15 0.68 0.44* 1.50 4.76 13.3 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 2.42 0.72 0.44* 1.50 5.07 14.1 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Collins (Covington County) starts part-way along the line Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 2.62 0.50 0.79* 1.50 5.41 9.9 0.34 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Pascagoula (Jackson County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 3.06 0.53 0.79* 1.50 5.87 10.3 0.80 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Baton Rouge (East Baton Rouge Parish), incl. Dock Station and Bengal/Marathon proportional receipts Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 3.06 0.58 0.79* 1.50 5.93 11.4 0.85 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline joint rate Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 5.22 0.58 0.79* 1.50 8.09 11.3 3.02 FERC No. 156.29.0 item 10

Diesel: product adder

¢/gal · product adder
5.46
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published
2.42
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated
1.10
¢/gal · pipeline loss · published
0.44
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate
1.50
days financed
14.1

Route used: from Houston on Colonial Pipeline to Birmingham (FERC 99.95.0 item 1). 6 routes in the table show a lower figure. They start part-way along a pipeline or at a secondary origin, so they leave out the cost of getting product there and do not set this figure.

How this adder is worked, line by line
Line ¢/gal Basis Source or working
Line-haul tariff 2.419 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 99.95.0 item 1: Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) → Birmingham (Jefferson County), 101.60 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost 1.101 calculated $4.840000/gal × 5.8800% ÷ 365 × 14.123 days (6.623 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 636 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (Colonial Pipeline public statements: about 4 mph on the mainlines, 5-day shipping cycles)
Pipeline loss 0.436 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 98.74.0 item 76, Product Loss Allocation charge: 18.31 ¢/bbl
Terminaling 1.500 estimate Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder 5.456 Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (11 of 11). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the price at the origin of the route used above a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin Pipeline Delivery point Terminals Line-haul Carrying Loss Terminaling Adder ¢/gal Days Origin must be cheaper by Tariff
Collins (Covington County) starts part-way along the line Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.08 0.77 0.44* 1.50 3.78 9.9 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge Dock Facility (W. Feliciana Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.51 0.88 0.44* 1.50 4.33 11.3 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge (E. Feliciana Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.51 0.89 0.44* 1.50 4.33 11.4 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Krotz Springs (St. Landry Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.62 0.91 0.44* 1.50 4.47 11.7 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Lake Charles (Calcasieu Parish) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 1.97 1.00 0.44* 1.50 4.91 12.8 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Hebert (Beaumont - Port Arthur) secondary origin Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 2.15 1.04 0.44* 1.50 5.12 13.3 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 2.42 1.10 0.44* 1.50 5.46 14.1 — FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Collins (Covington County) starts part-way along the line Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 2.62 0.77 1.21* 1.50 6.10 9.9 0.64 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Pascagoula (Jackson County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 3.06 0.80 1.21* 1.50 6.57 10.3 1.11 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Baton Rouge (East Baton Rouge Parish), incl. Dock Station and Bengal/Marathon proportional receipts Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 3.06 0.89 1.21* 1.50 6.65 11.4 1.20 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline joint rate Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) 9 terminals 5.22 0.88 1.21* 1.50 8.82 11.3 3.36 FERC No. 156.29.0 item 10
Inputs and assumptions behind these figures
  • Product value (for carrying cost and loss only): the prior day's spot price. Gasoline: OilPriceAPI GASOLINE_RBOB_USD, 2026-10-21. Diesel: OilPriceAPI HEATING_OIL_USD, 2026-10-21. These are the New York Harbor futures benchmarks, not a Gulf Coast price.
  • Interest rate: SOFR 3.88% (2026-10-20) + 2.0 points.
  • Transit (estimate): straight-line miles between the tariff origin and delivery point × 1.15, at 4.0 mph unless the pipeline has its own figure.
  • Days financed (estimate): transit, plus half a 5-day shipping cycle waiting to lift (once for each pipeline on a two-pipeline route), plus 5 days of stock at the terminal.
  • Pipeline loss: the charge or volume deduction the tariff states, where it states one (marked *; a deduction is costed at the product value above). Otherwise an estimate of 0.10% of product value per pipeline, two for a joint rate; that includes pipelines that share out actual losses without publishing a figure, and tariffs that state no loss term.
  • Terminaling: the carrier's terminal charge where its tariff states one (marked *), otherwise a flat 1.5¢/gal estimate.
  • Which route sets the figure: the lowest one that starts at a supply origin. On Colonial that is Houston. A rate that starts part-way along a pipeline, or at a secondary origin, stays in the table but does not set the figure. Where a rate starts at a point another carrier delivers to, the first carrier's lowest rate into that point is added, with its loss and time in the pipe; terminaling is charged once. The same is done where one pipeline files the movement as two rates. Which origins are treated this way is our own review of each system, not a statement in a tariff.
  • Rates used: each pipeline's ordinary filed rate. Committed, volume-tier, discount and bid rates are left out, as are conditional fees (shown on each pipeline page), additives, taxes and the value of line space.
  • Assumption set in force from 2026-10-01; review by 2027-01-01.

Published line-haul rates, all products and rate types

¢/gal · cheapest gasoline · from Collins on Colonial Pipeline
1.08
¢/gal · cheapest diesel · from Collins on Colonial Pipeline
1.08
Published line-haul rates into a terminal here, cheapest first (12 of 12 routes). Add the origin spot price for a delivered cost; compare that with the rack price for the netback. Not included: terminal throughput and rack fees, and the 15 conditional tariff fees listed on each pipeline page.
Origin Pipeline Delivery point Product ¢/bbl ¢/gal Refineries at the origin Tariff
Collins (Covington County) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 45.16 1.08 Valero Meraux Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge (E. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 63.38 1.51 ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Refinery; Placid Refining Company Port Allen Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge Dock Facility (W. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 63.38 1.51 FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Krotz Springs (St. Landry Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 68.19 1.62 Krotz Springs Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Lake Charles (Calcasieu Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 82.93 1.98 Calcasieu Refining Company; CITGO Lake Charles Refinery; Phillips 66 Lake Charles Refinery (Lake Charles Manufacturing Complex) FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Hebert (Beaumont - Port Arthur) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 90.26 2.15 ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) per research gasoline, distillate 101.60 2.42 Pemex Deer Park Refinery (Deer Park Refining Limited Partnership); ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery; Marathon Galveston Bay Refinery; Chevron Pasadena Refinery (Pasadena Refining System, Inc.); Valero Houston Refinery; Valero Texas City Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Collins (Covington County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 109.96 2.62 Valero Meraux Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 114.65 2.73 Marathon Garyville Refinery; Shell Norco Manufacturing Complex (Norco Refinery) FERC No. 155.49.0 item 20
Baton Rouge (East Baton Rouge Parish), incl. Dock Station and Bengal/Marathon proportional receipts Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 128.38 3.06 ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Refinery; Placid Refining Company Port Allen Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Pascagoula (Jackson County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 128.38 3.06 Chevron Pascagoula Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 219.42 5.22 Marathon Garyville Refinery; Shell Norco Manufacturing Complex (Norco Refinery) FERC No. 156.29.0 item 10

Supply resilience

pipeline supply
Limited
pipeline systems delivering
2
terminals on two or more pipelines
9
terminals with no pipeline tariff
0

Two pipeline systems deliver here: one can cover for the other where a terminal is on both.

If a pipeline system goes down

Pipeline system Terminals it reaches here With no other pipeline Which
Colonial Pipeline 9 0
Plantation Pipeline 9 0

Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.

Delivered ethanol cost

¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · lowest in the market
+20.59
¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · highest
+20.59

An estimate for each terminal: the cheapest of published rail rates and trucking from the nearest plants, plus basis, transload, terminaling and carrying cost. Each terminal page shows the build-up line by line.

Terminal ¢/gal over Chicago By From Miles
Buckeye Terminals, LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 624
Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Birmingham +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
CITGO - Birmingham +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Chevron USA Incorporated- Birmingham +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Circle K Terminal Alabama LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Equilon Enterprises LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Kinder Morgan Southeast Terminals LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Marathon Birmingham +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Sunoco LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 626

Nearby rack markets

Rack markets within 75 miles (straight line): where a buyer here could also lift.

Rack market Miles Terminals Pipelines
Anniston/Oxford, AL 57 1 2
Boligee, AL 73 2 2

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.