Supply Explorer
Rack market

Birmingham, AL

#16 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals

OPIS rack city 615 Gasoline & diesel Biodiesel Ethanol
terminals
9
pipeline systems delivering
3
refineries confirmed
0
more per research or by route
20
people in the trade area
1,597,523
gal/day gasoline · estimated demand
2,935,044
gal/day diesel · estimated demand
856,646

Terminals in this market

The racks that post prices in this market. Pipelines = systems with a tariff delivery point at the terminal.
Terminal TCN Location Delivered by
Allied Energy Company LLC T-72-AL-2343 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Buckeye Terminals LLC T-63-AL-2312 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Chevron Products Company T-63-AL-2301 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Circle K Terminal Alabama T-63-AL-2306 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Citgo Petroleum Corporation - Birmingham Terminal T-63-AL-2302 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Kinder Morgan Southeast Terminals T-63-AL-2307 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Magellan Terminals Holding - Magellan Birmingham Ii Terminal T-63-AL-2309 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Motiva Enterprises LLC T-63-AL-2308 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline
Mplx Terminals LLC - Birmingham Terminal T-63-AL-2340 Birmingham, AL Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline, Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX)

Pipelines delivering to this market

Each system with a tariff delivery point at one of this market’s terminals, and how many running refineries can ship on it to here.

Pipeline system Terminals here Delivery points Refineries confirmed All reachable
Colonial Pipeline 9 1 0 16
Plantation Pipeline 9 1 0 5
Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) 1 1 0 2

Refineries that can supply this market

Running refineries that can reach a terminal here by published route, including across connecting carriers, confirmed links first. 0 are confirmed or named in a tariff; 15 are per research; 5 are inferred because the refinery shares a city with a tariff origin. Capacity, contracts and who actually ships are not known from tariffs.
Refinery Location Via Link
CITGO Lake Charles Refinery Lake Charles, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Calcasieu Refining Company Lake Charles, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Chevron Pasadena Refinery (Pasadena Refining System, Inc.) Pasadena, TX Colonial Pipeline, Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) per research
Chevron Pascagoula Refinery Pascagoula, MS Plantation Pipeline per research
ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery Baytown, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery Beaumont, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Krotz Springs Refinery Krotz Springs, LA Colonial Pipeline per research
Marathon Galveston Bay Refinery Galveston Bay, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Motiva Port Arthur Refinery Port Arthur, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Pemex Deer Park Refinery (Deer Park Refining Limited Partnership) Deer Park, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Placid Refining Company Port Allen Refinery Port Allen, LA Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline per research
Valero Houston Refinery Houston, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
Valero Meraux Refinery Meraux, LA Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline per research
Valero St. Charles Refinery (Norco Refinery) Norco, LA Bengal Pipeline per research
Valero Texas City Refinery Texas City, TX Colonial Pipeline per research
ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Refinery Baton Rouge, LA Bengal Pipeline, Colonial Pipeline, Plantation Pipeline inferred (same city)
Marathon Garyville Refinery Garyville, LA Bengal Pipeline, Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX), Plantation Pipeline inferred (same city)
Shell Norco Manufacturing Complex (Norco Refinery) Norco, LA Bengal Pipeline inferred (same city)
TotalEnergies Port Arthur Refinery Port Arthur, TX Colonial Pipeline inferred (same city)
Valero Port Arthur Refinery Port Arthur, TX Colonial Pipeline inferred (same city)

Trade area

people in the trade area · 2025 estimate
1,597,523
rank of 422 rack markets by people
#60
gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025
2,935,044
gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025
856,646
counties wholly in this market
3
counties shared with other markets
16
An estimate of who lifts here. Each county goes to its nearest rack market with terminals; a market within 1.5 times that distance (or 25 miles more) shares it, up to 4 markets, weighted toward the closer one and the one with more terminals. Distances are straight-line from the county’s centre. Shares of a county always add to 100%, so the people counted across all markets add back to the U.S. total.
County State Share here People counted here Gasoline gal/day Diesel gal/day County population Miles
Jefferson County AL 100% 665,742 1,293,458 358,307 665,742 7
Shelby County AL 100% 238,552 387,887 89,343 238,552 18
Tuscaloosa County AL 71% 171,033 303,140 95,409 241,368 39
Morgan County AL 65% 81,759 144,258 38,216 126,483 69
Cullman County AL 75% 70,657 136,948 49,058 94,009 46
Walker County AL 100% 65,140 126,422 47,874 65,140 34
St. Clair County AL 59% 58,177 114,523 49,425 98,206 37
Blount County AL 81% 48,540 78,018 25,624 60,156 40
Marshall County AL 43% 44,024 66,251 11,097 103,537 67
Talladega County AL 48% 38,998 78,272 23,684 81,603 41
Chilton County AL 44% 21,111 50,331 24,757 47,708 43
Lowndes County MS 36% 20,587 32,043 10,464 57,346 90
Bibb County AL 77% 17,186 30,874 7,075 22,262 34
Winston County AL 67% 15,975 22,898 4,600 23,829 56
Monroe County MS 37% 12,481 22,983 9,952 33,318 97
Fayette County AL 67% 10,698 17,575 3,863 15,872 54
Lamar County AL 55% 7,512 11,737 2,617 13,587 73
Clay County MS 31% 5,705 7,896 2,687 18,238 111
Coosa County AL 36% 3,633 9,507 2,586 10,161 52

Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.

How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.

Cost to serve this market by pipeline

What it costs to move a gallon here from each pipeline origin at filed tariff rates: line-haul, the cost of financing the product on the way and in the tank, pipeline loss, and terminaling. It is a cost at filed rates, not a market price: add it to the origin spot price for a delivered cost. Lines marked "estimate" are placeholders until the pipeline or terminal figure is on file; in the routes table, * marks a figure taken from the tariff.

Gasoline: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder
3.53
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published
1.08
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated
0.52
¢/gal · pipeline loss · published
0.44
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate
1.50
days financed
9.9

Lowest route: from Collins on Colonial Pipeline to Birmingham (FERC 99.95.0 item 80).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line
Line ¢/gal Basis Source or working
Line-haul tariff 1.075 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 99.95.0 item 80: Collins (Covington County) → Birmingham (Jefferson County), 45.16 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost 0.521 calculated $3.260000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 9.893 days (2.393 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 230 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (Colonial Pipeline public statements: about 4 mph on the mainlines, 5-day shipping cycles)
Pipeline loss 0.436 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 98.74.0 item 76, Product Loss Allocation charge: 18.31 ¢/bbl
Terminaling 1.500 estimate Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder 3.533 Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (12 of 12). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin Pipeline Delivery point Terminals Line-haul Carrying Loss Terminaling Adder ¢/gal Days Origin must be cheaper by Tariff
Collins (Covington County) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.08 0.52 0.44* 1.50 3.53 9.9 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge Dock Facility (W. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.51 0.60 0.44* 1.50 4.04 11.3 0.51 FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge (E. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.51 0.60 0.44* 1.50 4.05 11.4 0.51 FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Krotz Springs (St. Landry Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.62 0.62 0.44* 1.50 4.18 11.7 0.64 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Lake Charles (Calcasieu Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.97 0.67 0.44* 1.50 4.58 12.8 1.05 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Hebert (Beaumont - Port Arthur) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 2.15 0.70 0.44* 1.50 4.79 13.3 1.25 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 2.42 0.74 0.44* 1.50 5.10 14.1 1.57 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Collins (Covington County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 2.62 0.52 0.82* 1.50 5.45 9.9 1.92 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Pascagoula (Jackson County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 3.06 0.54 0.82* 1.50 5.92 10.3 2.38 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Baton Rouge (East Baton Rouge Parish), incl. Dock Station and Bengal/Marathon proportional receipts Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 3.06 0.60 0.82* 1.50 5.97 11.4 2.44 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), LA Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) joint rate Birmingham, AL Mplx Terminals LLC - Birmingham Terminal 5.22 0.60 0.65 1.50 7.97 11.3 4.44 FERC No. 156.29.0 item Item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline joint rate Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 5.22 0.60 0.82* 1.50 8.14 11.3 4.60 FERC No. 156.29.0 item 10

Diesel: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder
3.76
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published
1.08
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated
0.75
¢/gal · pipeline loss · published
0.44
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate
1.50
days financed
9.9

Lowest route: from Collins on Colonial Pipeline to Birmingham (FERC 99.95.0 item 80).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line
Line ¢/gal Basis Source or working
Line-haul tariff 1.075 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 99.95.0 item 80: Collins (Covington County) → Birmingham (Jefferson County), 45.16 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost 0.752 calculated $4.700000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 9.893 days (2.393 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 230 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (Colonial Pipeline public statements: about 4 mph on the mainlines, 5-day shipping cycles)
Pipeline loss 0.436 published Colonial Pipeline FERC 98.74.0 item 76, Product Loss Allocation charge: 18.31 ¢/bbl
Terminaling 1.500 estimate Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder 3.763 Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Every published route, lowest adder first (12 of 12). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.

Origin Pipeline Delivery point Terminals Line-haul Carrying Loss Terminaling Adder ¢/gal Days Origin must be cheaper by Tariff
Collins (Covington County) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.08 0.75 0.44* 1.50 3.76 9.9 — FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge Dock Facility (W. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.51 0.86 0.44* 1.50 4.31 11.3 0.54 FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge (E. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.51 0.87 0.44* 1.50 4.31 11.4 0.55 FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Krotz Springs (St. Landry Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.62 0.89 0.44* 1.50 4.45 11.7 0.69 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Lake Charles (Calcasieu Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 1.97 0.97 0.44* 1.50 4.88 12.8 1.12 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Hebert (Beaumont - Port Arthur) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 2.15 1.01 0.44* 1.50 5.10 13.3 1.33 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 2.42 1.07 0.44* 1.50 5.43 14.1 1.67 FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Collins (Covington County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 2.62 0.75 1.18* 1.50 6.04 9.9 2.28 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Pascagoula (Jackson County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 3.06 0.78 1.18* 1.50 6.52 10.3 2.75 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Baton Rouge (East Baton Rouge Parish), incl. Dock Station and Bengal/Marathon proportional receipts Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 3.06 0.87 1.18* 1.50 6.60 11.4 2.83 FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), LA Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) joint rate Birmingham, AL Mplx Terminals LLC - Birmingham Terminal 5.22 0.86 0.94 1.50 8.53 11.3 4.76 FERC No. 156.29.0 item Item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline joint rate Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) only point in the city 9 terminals 5.22 0.86 1.18* 1.50 8.76 11.3 5.00 FERC No. 156.29.0 item 10
Inputs and assumptions behind these figures
  • Product value (for carrying cost and loss only): the prior day's spot price. Gasoline: OilPriceAPI GASOLINE_RBOB_USD, 2026-10-07. Diesel: OilPriceAPI HEATING_OIL_USD, 2026-10-07. These are the New York Harbor futures benchmarks, not a Gulf Coast price.
  • Interest rate: SOFR 3.90% (2026-10-06) + 2.0 points.
  • Transit (estimate): straight-line miles between the tariff origin and delivery point × 1.15, at 4.0 mph unless the pipeline has its own figure.
  • Days financed (estimate): transit, plus half a 5-day shipping cycle waiting to lift, plus 5 days of stock at the terminal.
  • Pipeline loss: the charge or volume deduction the tariff states, where it states one (marked *; a deduction is costed at the product value above). Otherwise an estimate of 0.10% of product value per pipeline, two for a joint rate; that includes pipelines that share out actual losses without publishing a figure.
  • Terminaling: the carrier's terminal charge where its tariff states one (marked *), otherwise a flat 1.5¢/gal estimate.
  • Rates used: each pipeline's ordinary filed rate. Committed, volume-tier, discount and bid rates are left out, as are conditional fees (shown on each pipeline page), additives, taxes and the value of line space.
  • Assumption set in force from 2026-10-01; review by 2027-01-01.

Published line-haul rates, all products and rate types

¢/gal · cheapest gasoline · from Collins on Colonial Pipeline
1.08
¢/gal · cheapest diesel · from Collins on Colonial Pipeline
1.08
Published line-haul rates into a terminal here, cheapest first (13 of 13 routes). Add the origin spot price for a delivered cost; compare that with the rack price for the netback. Not included: terminal throughput and rack fees, and the 23 conditional tariff fees listed on each pipeline page.
Origin Pipeline Delivery point Product ¢/bbl ¢/gal Refineries at the origin Tariff
Collins (Covington County) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 45.16 1.08 Valero Meraux Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge (E. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 63.38 1.51 ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Refinery; Placid Refining Company Port Allen Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Baton Rouge Dock Facility (W. Feliciana Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 63.38 1.51 FERC 99.95.0 item 80
Krotz Springs (St. Landry Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 68.19 1.62 Krotz Springs Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Lake Charles (Calcasieu Parish) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 82.93 1.98 Calcasieu Refining Company; CITGO Lake Charles Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Hebert (Beaumont - Port Arthur) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 90.26 2.15 ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Houston (Pasadena, Cedar Bayou) Colonial Pipeline Birmingham (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 101.60 2.42 Pemex Deer Park Refinery (Deer Park Refining Limited Partnership); ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery; Marathon Galveston Bay Refinery; Chevron Pasadena Refinery (Pasadena Refining System, Inc.); Valero Houston Refinery; Valero Texas City Refinery FERC 99.95.0 item 1
Collins (Covington County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 109.96 2.62 Valero Meraux Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 114.65 2.73 Marathon Garyville Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 20
Baton Rouge (East Baton Rouge Parish), incl. Dock Station and Bengal/Marathon proportional receipts Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 128.38 3.06 ExxonMobil Baton Rouge Refinery; Placid Refining Company Port Allen Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Pascagoula (Jackson County) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 128.38 3.06 Chevron Pascagoula Refinery FERC No. 155.49.0 item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), LA Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) Birmingham, AL gasoline, distillate 219.42 5.22 Marathon Garyville Refinery FERC No. 156.29.0 item Item 10
Garyville (St. John the Baptist Parish), via Marathon Pipe Line (joint tariff 156.29.0) Plantation Pipeline Birmingham, AL (Jefferson County) same city (inferred) gasoline, distillate 219.42 5.22 Marathon Garyville Refinery FERC No. 156.29.0 item 10

Supply resilience

pipeline supply
Diversified
pipeline systems delivering
3
terminals on two or more pipelines
9
terminals with no pipeline tariff
0

3 pipeline systems deliver here.

If a pipeline system goes down

Pipeline system Terminals it reaches here With no other pipeline Which
Colonial Pipeline 9 0
Plantation Pipeline 9 0
Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX) 1 0

Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.

Delivered ethanol cost

¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · lowest in the market
+20.59
¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · highest
+20.59

An estimate for each terminal: the cheapest of published rail rates and trucking from the nearest plants, plus basis, transload, terminaling and carrying cost. Each terminal page shows the build-up line by line.

Terminal ¢/gal over Chicago By From Miles
Allied Energy Company LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 626
Buckeye Terminals LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 624
Chevron Products Company +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Circle K Terminal Alabama +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Citgo Petroleum Corporation - Birmingham Terminal +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Kinder Morgan Southeast Terminals +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Magellan Terminals Holding - Magellan Birmingham Ii Terminal +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Motiva Enterprises LLC +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625
Mplx Terminals LLC - Birmingham Terminal +20.59 rail ADM Decatur IL (Decatur, IL) 625

Nearby rack markets

Rack markets within 75 miles (straight line): where a buyer here could also lift.

Rack market Miles Terminals Pipelines
Anniston/Oxford, AL 57 1 2
Boligee, AL 73 2 2

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.