Rack market

Bay City, MI

#232 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals

OPIS rack city 260 Gasoline & diesel

terminals: 1
pipeline systems delivering: 1
refineries confirmed: 1
more per research or by route: 2
people in the trade area: 547,982
gal/day gasoline · estimated demand: 788,863
gal/day diesel · estimated demand: 193,845

Terminals in this market

Terminal	TCN	Location	Delivered by
Mplx Bay City	T-38-MI-3032	Bay City, MI	Wolverine Pipeline

Pipelines delivering to this market

Each system with a tariff delivery point at one of this market’s terminals, and how many running refineries can ship on it to here.

Pipeline system	Terminals here	Delivery points	Refineries confirmed	All reachable
Wolverine Pipeline	1	1	1	3

Refineries that can supply this market

Refinery	Location	Via	Link
BP Whiting Refinery	Whiting, IN	Wolverine Pipeline	confirmed
CITGO Lemont Refinery	Lemont, IL	Wolverine Pipeline	per research
ExxonMobil Joliet Refinery	Joliet, IL	Wolverine Pipeline	inferred (same city)

Trade area

people in the trade area · 2025 estimate: 547,982
rank of 422 rack markets by people: #197
gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025: 788,863
gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025: 193,845
counties wholly in this market: 6
counties shared with other markets: 18

County	State	Share here	People counted here	Gasoline gal/day	Diesel gal/day	County population	Miles
Bay County	MI	100%	102,123	149,405	38,629	102,123	8
Saginaw County	MI	37%	69,107	85,606	24,189	187,688	22
Midland County	MI	70%	58,335	72,827	10,538	83,754	26
Tuscola County	MI	68%	35,944	39,574	7,705	52,680	23
Huron County	MI	100%	30,530	39,128	8,318	30,530	54
Gladwin County	MI	100%	26,077	27,802	5,817	26,077	37
Iosco County	MI	100%	25,266	35,071	6,867	25,266	58
Isabella County	MI	39%	25,107	34,960	5,881	64,691	49
Ogemaw County	MI	100%	21,121	39,283	13,030	21,121	51
Clare County	MI	59%	18,645	30,985	6,435	31,543	55
Grand Traverse County	MI	19%	18,253	24,024	3,326	96,729	113
Roscommon County	MI	68%	16,257	32,566	10,885	23,914	62
Arenac County	MI	100%	15,068	39,443	17,013	15,068	30
Lapeer County	MI	17%	15,066	19,444	5,871	89,516	49
Alpena County	MI	39%	11,250	13,977	2,534	28,853	91
Sanilac County	MI	28%	11,043	14,454	3,257	40,083	62
Gratiot County	MI	22%	9,144	14,976	3,072	41,190	43
Kalkaska County	MI	37%	6,989	13,354	3,033	18,693	95
Wexford County	MI	20%	6,972	12,383	2,356	34,445	98
Alcona County	MI	57%	6,035	8,550	1,877	10,556	77
Crawford County	MI	40%	5,519	15,841	7,488	13,722	82
Osceola County	MI	23%	5,357	11,627	2,850	23,516	77
Missaukee County	MI	32%	4,817	7,437	1,525	15,274	78
Oscoda County	MI	45%	3,959	6,146	1,349	8,723	75

Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.

How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.

Cost to serve this market by pipeline

What it costs to move a gallon here from each pipeline origin at filed tariff rates: line-haul, the cost of financing the product on the way and in the tank, pipeline loss, and terminaling. It is a cost at filed rates, not a market price: add it to the origin spot price for a delivered cost. Lines marked "estimate" are placeholders until the pipeline or terminal figure is on file; in the routes table, * marks a figure taken from the tariff.

Gasoline: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder: 4.68
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published: 2.41
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated: 0.45
¢/gal · pipeline loss · estimate: 0.33
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate: 1.50
days financed: 8.5

Lowest route: from Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI on Wolverine Pipeline to Bay City, Bay County (FERC No. 166.43.0 item Table 1).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line

Line	¢/gal	Basis	Source or working
Line-haul tariff	2.408	published	Wolverine Pipeline FERC No. 166.43.0 item Table 1: Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI → Bay City, Bay County, 101.14 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost	0.445	calculated	$3.260000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 8.455 days (0.955 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 92 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate)
Pipeline loss	0.326	estimate	flat estimate $0.0033/gal, applied 1 time
Terminaling	1.500	estimate	Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder	4.680		Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Diesel: product adder

¢/gal · lowest adder: 5.09
¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published: 2.41
¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated: 0.68
¢/gal · pipeline loss · estimate: 0.50
¢/gal · terminaling · estimate: 1.50
days financed: 8.5

Lowest route: from Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI on Wolverine Pipeline to Bay City, Bay County (FERC No. 166.43.0 item Table 1).

How the lowest adder is worked, line by line

Line	¢/gal	Basis	Source or working
Line-haul tariff	2.408	published	Wolverine Pipeline FERC No. 166.43.0 item Table 1: Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI → Bay City, Bay County, 101.14 ¢/bbl
Carrying cost	0.683	calculated	$5.000000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 8.455 days (0.955 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 92 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate)
Pipeline loss	0.500	estimate	flat estimate $0.0050/gal, applied 1 time
Terminaling	1.500	estimate	Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal
Product adder	5.091		Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price

Inputs and assumptions behind these figures

Product value (for carrying cost and loss only): the prior day's spot price. Gasoline: OilPriceAPI GASOLINE_RBOB_USD, 2026-10-07. Diesel: OilPriceAPI ULSD_DIESEL_USD, 2026-10-07. These are the New York Harbor futures benchmarks, not a Gulf Coast price.
Interest rate: SOFR 3.90% (2026-10-06) + 2.0 points.
Transit (estimate): straight-line miles between the tariff origin and delivery point × 1.15, at 4.0 mph unless the pipeline has its own figure.
Days financed (estimate): transit, plus half a 5-day shipping cycle waiting to lift, plus 5 days of stock at the terminal.
Pipeline loss: the charge or volume deduction the tariff states, where it states one (marked *; a deduction is costed at the product value above). Otherwise an estimate of 0.10% of product value per pipeline, two for a joint rate; that includes pipelines that share out actual losses without publishing a figure.
Terminaling: the carrier's terminal charge where its tariff states one (marked *), otherwise a flat 1.5¢/gal estimate.
Rates used: each pipeline's ordinary filed rate. Committed, volume-tier, discount and bid rates are left out, as are conditional fees (shown on each pipeline page), additives, taxes and the value of line space.
Assumption set in force from 2026-10-01; review by 2027-01-01.

Published line-haul rates, all products and rate types

¢/gal · cheapest gasoline · from Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI on Wolverine Pipeline: 2.41
¢/gal · cheapest diesel · from Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI on Wolverine Pipeline: 2.41

Origin	Pipeline	Delivery point	Product	¢/bbl	¢/gal	Refineries at the origin	Tariff
Stockbridge, Ingham County, MI	Wolverine Pipeline	Bay City, Bay County	gasoline, distillate	101.14	2.41		FERC No. 166.43.0 item Table 1

Supply resilience

pipeline supply: One pipeline
pipeline systems delivering: 1
terminals on two or more pipelines: 0
terminals with no pipeline tariff: 0

One pipeline system delivers here: Wolverine Pipeline. An outage on it leaves the market to truck, rail or water.

If a pipeline system goes down

Pipeline system	Terminals it reaches here	With no other pipeline	Which
Wolverine Pipeline	1	1	Mplx Bay City

Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.

Delivered ethanol cost

¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · lowest in the market: +2.63
¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · highest: +2.63

An estimate for each terminal: the cheapest of published rail rates and trucking from the nearest plants, plus basis, transload, terminaling and carrying cost. Each terminal page shows the build-up line by line.

Terminal	¢/gal over Chicago	By	From	Miles
Mplx Bay City	+2.63	truck	POET Biorefining - Caro LLC (Caro, MI)	30

Nearby rack markets

Rack markets within 75 miles (straight line): where a buyer here could also lift.

Rack market	Miles	Terminals	Pipelines
Flint, MI	40	2	—
Alma, MI	44	0	—
Lansing, MI	70	1	1

Around the market

This market Its terminals Nearby market

Open supply footprint in full map

Pump prices nearby

$4.109 Regular gasoline · PADD 2 · -4.2% on the week · +40.3% on the year

$6.286 Diesel · PADD 2 · -3.7% on the week · +68.5% on the year

EIA weekly retail survey, week of 2026-10-05: the closest area EIA reports, not this market alone.

Fuel taxes · Michigan

71.8 ¢/gal Gasoline · state 53.4¢ + federal 18.4¢ (excise 52.4¢, other state taxes and fees 1.0¢)

77.8 ¢/gal Diesel · state 53.4¢ + federal 24.4¢ (excise 52.4¢, other state taxes and fees 1.0¢)

Taxed at: terminal rack
Figured on gross gallons
Prepaid sales tax on gasoline
Prepaid sales tax on diesel

Rates: EIA, in effect July 1, 2026, without county or city taxes. Rules: Federation of Tax Administrators, September 2025. Not tax advice: check the state agency before relying on a rate.

Terminal operators

1 operator; Marathon / MPLX runs 100% of the terminals.

Marathon / MPLX 1 terminal · 100%

Concentration index 10,000 (10,000 = one operator). By terminal count as named on the IRS list, not volume; affiliates under other names may be counted apart.

In the state

18 rack markets in MI.

Source

Rack market list and codes from OPIS; terminals from the IRS Terminal Control Number list; pipeline reach from published FERC and state tariffs; refinery links from tariffs and sourced research. Rack prices and suppliers posting at each terminal are not shown yet.

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.