Youngstown, OH
#104 of 422 U.S. rack markets by terminals
- terminals
- 3
- pipeline systems delivering
- 2
- refineries confirmed
- 1
- more per research or by route
- 16
- people in the trade area
- 759,030
- gal/day gasoline · estimated demand
- 823,731
- gal/day diesel · estimated demand
- 304,341
Terminals in this market
| Terminal | TCN | Location | Delivered by |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | T-34-OH-3167 | Niles, OH | Buckeye Pipeline |
| Mplx Youngsville | T-34-OH-3155 | Youngstown, OH | no pipeline tariff on file |
| Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal | T-34-OH-3162 | Youngstown, OH | Sunoco / Energy Transfer |
Pipelines delivering to this market
Each system with a tariff delivery point at one of this market’s terminals, and how many running refineries can ship on it to here.
| Pipeline system | Terminals here | Delivery points | Refineries confirmed | All reachable |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckeye Pipeline | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Sunoco / Energy Transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Refineries that can supply this market
| Refinery | Location | Via | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| BP Whiting Refinery | Whiting, IN | Wolverine Pipeline | confirmed |
| CITGO Lake Charles Refinery | Lake Charles, LA | Explorer Pipeline | per research |
| CITGO Lemont Refinery | Lemont, IL | Wolverine Pipeline | per research |
| Cenovus Lima Refinery | Lima, OH | Buckeye Pipeline | per research |
| ExxonMobil Baytown Refinery | Baytown, TX | Explorer Pipeline | per research |
| ExxonMobil Beaumont Refinery | Beaumont, TX | Explorer Pipeline | per research |
| Marathon Petroleum Detroit Refinery | Detroit, MI | Buckeye Pipeline | per research |
| Motiva Port Arthur Refinery | Port Arthur, TX | Colonial Pipeline, Explorer Pipeline | per research |
| PBF Toledo Refinery | Toledo, OH | Buckeye Pipeline, Sunoco / Energy Transfer | per research |
| Chevron Pasadena Refinery (Pasadena Refining System, Inc.) | Pasadena, TX | Explorer Pipeline, Marathon Pipe Line (MPLX), Phillips 66 Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
| ExxonMobil Joliet Refinery | Joliet, IL | Wolverine Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
| Phillips 66 Sweeny Refinery | Sweeny, TX | Phillips 66 Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
| Toledo Refinery (formerly BP-Husky, now Ohio Refining Company) | Toledo, OH | Buckeye Pipeline, Sunoco / Energy Transfer | inferred (same city) |
| TotalEnergies Port Arthur Refinery | Port Arthur, TX | Colonial Pipeline, Explorer Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
| Valero Houston Refinery | Houston, TX | Explorer Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
| Valero Port Arthur Refinery | Port Arthur, TX | Colonial Pipeline, Explorer Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
| Wood River Refinery | Wood River, IL | Explorer Pipeline | inferred (same city) |
Trade area
- people in the trade area · 2025 estimate
- 759,030
- rank of 422 rack markets by people
- #146
- gallons of gasoline a day · estimate, 2025
- 823,731
- gallons of diesel a day · estimate, 2025
- 304,341
- counties wholly in this market
- 1
- counties shared with other markets
- 11
| County | State | Share here | People counted here | Gasoline gal/day | Diesel gal/day | County population | Miles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahoning County | OH | 89% | 200,325 | 216,920 | 79,469 | 224,706 | 8 |
| Trumbull County | OH | 100% | 198,972 | 216,111 | 62,764 | 198,972 | 14 |
| Erie County | PA | 29% | 77,969 | 73,343 | 26,474 | 265,832 | 76 |
| Mercer County | PA | 61% | 65,913 | 79,533 | 44,909 | 107,860 | 27 |
| Lake County | OH | 19% | 44,144 | 48,837 | 15,139 | 232,217 | 53 |
| Lawrence County | PA | 48% | 39,984 | 40,961 | 15,785 | 83,911 | 20 |
| Portage County | OH | 22% | 36,341 | 44,905 | 20,110 | 163,404 | 26 |
| Ashtabula County | OH | 28% | 27,554 | 33,458 | 17,157 | 96,713 | 55 |
| Crawford County | PA | 31% | 25,560 | 27,803 | 10,030 | 81,792 | 50 |
| Columbiana County | OH | 22% | 21,575 | 18,320 | 5,084 | 99,377 | 24 |
| Geauga County | OH | 18% | 17,193 | 19,968 | 5,852 | 95,676 | 37 |
| Carroll County | OH | 13% | 3,495 | 3,570 | 1,569 | 26,475 | 42 |
Fuel demand is an estimate: each state’s taxed gallons for the year (FHWA) are split among its counties by where the driving happens (EPA county vehicle miles, weighted by how much fuel each vehicle type burns), then shared to markets as above. Every state adds back to its FHWA total. Gasoline includes the ethanol blended into it; diesel is FHWA’s special fuels. Expect diesel to be least reliable along long-haul corridors, where trucks buy fuel in one county and burn it in another. Population: U.S. Census Bureau county estimates.
How good is it? Checked in October 2026 against the county retail sales Iowa and California publish: for gasoline, about 3–5% of gallons landed in the wrong rack market and a typical market was within 5–6%. For diesel, 14–21% landed in the wrong market and a typical market was 30–45% off, with truck-stop corridors such as Bakersfield and Stockton under-counted. Treat gasoline as a working estimate and diesel as a rough guide.
Cost to serve this market by pipeline
What it costs to move a gallon here from each pipeline origin at filed tariff rates: line-haul, the cost of financing the product on the way and in the tank, pipeline loss, and terminaling. It is a cost at filed rates, not a market price: add it to the origin spot price for a delivered cost. Lines marked "estimate" are placeholders until the pipeline or terminal figure is on file; in the routes table, * marks a figure taken from the tariff.
Gasoline: product adder
- ¢/gal · lowest adder
- 5.96
- ¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published
- 3.64
- ¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated
- 0.49
- ¢/gal · pipeline loss · estimate
- 0.33
- ¢/gal · terminaling · estimate
- 1.50
- days financed
- 9.3
Lowest route: from Findlay on Buckeye Pipeline to WARREN (FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1).
How the lowest adder is worked, line by line
| Line | ¢/gal | Basis | Source or working |
|---|---|---|---|
| Line-haul tariff | 3.643 | published | Buckeye Pipeline FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1: Findlay → WARREN, 153.00 ¢/bbl |
| Carrying cost | 0.492 | calculated | $3.260000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 9.338 days (1.838 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 176 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate) |
| Pipeline loss | 0.326 | estimate | flat estimate $0.0033/gal, applied 1 time |
| Terminaling | 1.500 | estimate | Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal |
| Product adder | 5.961 | Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price |
Every published route, lowest adder first (9 of 9). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.
| Origin | Pipeline | Delivery point | Terminals | Line-haul | Carrying | Loss | Terminaling | Adder ¢/gal | Days | Origin must be cheaper by | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Findlay | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.64 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 5.96 | 9.3 | — | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Toledo | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.84 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 6.15 | 9.3 | 0.19 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Lima | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.93 | 0.51 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 6.27 | 9.7 | 0.31 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Huntington | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.93 | 0.55 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 6.31 | 10.5 | 0.35 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Detroit | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 4.30 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 6.61 | 9.2 | 0.65 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Fostoria Station | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal | 4.43 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 6.74 | 9.2 | 0.78 | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 12.18 |
| Woodhaven | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 4.52 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 6.83 | 9.2 | 0.87 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Toledo | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal | 5.24 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 7.56 | 9.3 | 1.60 | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 11.12 |
| Chicago Complex | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 6.10 | 0.62 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 8.54 | 11.7 | 2.58 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
Diesel: product adder
- ¢/gal · lowest adder
- 6.32
- ¢/gal · line-haul tariff · published
- 3.64
- ¢/gal · carrying cost · calculated
- 0.71
- ¢/gal · pipeline loss · estimate
- 0.47
- ¢/gal · terminaling · estimate
- 1.50
- days financed
- 9.3
Lowest route: from Findlay on Buckeye Pipeline to WARREN (FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1).
How the lowest adder is worked, line by line
| Line | ¢/gal | Basis | Source or working |
|---|---|---|---|
| Line-haul tariff | 3.643 | published | Buckeye Pipeline FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1: Findlay → WARREN, 153.00 ¢/bbl |
| Carrying cost | 0.709 | calculated | $4.700000/gal × 5.9000% ÷ 365 × 9.338 days (1.838 in transit, 2.50 waiting on the cycle, 5.00 in terminal inventory); transit estimated: 176 pipeline miles at 4.0 mph (general estimate) |
| Pipeline loss | 0.470 | estimate | flat estimate $0.0047/gal, applied 1 time |
| Terminaling | 1.500 | estimate | Flat estimate: no fee on file for this terminal |
| Product adder | 6.322 | Sum of the lines above, over the origin spot price |
Every published route, lowest adder first (9 of 9). Origins are priced at the same index here. "Origin must be cheaper by" is how far below the lowest route's origin a route's own origin price has to be before that route wins.
| Origin | Pipeline | Delivery point | Terminals | Line-haul | Carrying | Loss | Terminaling | Adder ¢/gal | Days | Origin must be cheaper by | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Findlay | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.64 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 6.32 | 9.3 | — | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Toledo | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.84 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 6.51 | 9.3 | 0.19 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Lima | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.93 | 0.73 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 6.64 | 9.7 | 0.32 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Huntington | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 3.93 | 0.79 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 6.70 | 10.5 | 0.38 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Detroit | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 4.30 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 6.97 | 9.2 | 0.65 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Fostoria Station | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal | 4.43 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 7.10 | 9.2 | 0.78 | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 12.18 |
| Woodhaven | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 4.52 | 0.70 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 7.19 | 9.2 | 0.87 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
| Toledo | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal | 5.24 | 0.71 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 7.92 | 9.3 | 1.60 | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 11.12 |
| Chicago Complex | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | 6.10 | 0.89 | 0.47 | 1.50 | 8.95 | 11.7 | 2.63 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 effective 2025: check for a newer filing |
Inputs and assumptions behind these figures
- Product value (for carrying cost and loss only): the prior day's spot price. Gasoline: OilPriceAPI GASOLINE_RBOB_USD, 2026-10-07. Diesel: OilPriceAPI HEATING_OIL_USD, 2026-10-07. These are the New York Harbor futures benchmarks, not a Gulf Coast price.
- Interest rate: SOFR 3.90% (2026-10-06) + 2.0 points.
- Transit (estimate): straight-line miles between the tariff origin and delivery point × 1.15, at 4.0 mph unless the pipeline has its own figure.
- Days financed (estimate): transit, plus half a 5-day shipping cycle waiting to lift, plus 5 days of stock at the terminal.
- Pipeline loss: the charge or volume deduction the tariff states, where it states one (marked *; a deduction is costed at the product value above). Otherwise an estimate of 0.10% of product value per pipeline, two for a joint rate; that includes pipelines that share out actual losses without publishing a figure.
- Terminaling: the carrier's terminal charge where its tariff states one (marked *), otherwise a flat 1.5¢/gal estimate.
- Rates used: each pipeline's ordinary filed rate. Committed, volume-tier, discount and bid rates are left out, as are conditional fees (shown on each pipeline page), additives, taxes and the value of line space.
- Assumption set in force from 2026-10-01; review by 2027-01-01.
Published line-haul rates, all products and rate types
- ¢/gal · cheapest gasoline · from Findlay on Buckeye Pipeline
- 3.64
- ¢/gal · cheapest diesel · from Findlay on Buckeye Pipeline
- 3.64
| Origin | Pipeline | Delivery point | Product | ¢/bbl | ¢/gal | Refineries at the origin | Tariff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Findlay | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 153.00 | 3.64 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 | |
| Toledo | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 161.16 | 3.84 | Toledo Refinery (formerly BP-Husky, now Ohio Refining Company); PBF Toledo Refinery | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 |
| Huntington | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 165.24 | 3.93 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 | |
| Lima | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 165.24 | 3.93 | Cenovus Lima Refinery | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 |
| Toledo | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | gasoline, distillate | 168.86 | 4.02 | Toledo Refinery (formerly BP-Husky, now Ohio Refining Company); PBF Toledo Refinery | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 11.12 |
| Detroit | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 180.54 | 4.30 | Marathon Petroleum Detroit Refinery | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 |
| Fostoria Station | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | gasoline, distillate | 186.08 | 4.43 | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 12.18 | |
| Woodhaven | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 189.72 | 4.52 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 | |
| Toledo | Sunoco / Energy Transfer | Youngstown, Mahoning County | gasoline, distillate | 220.24 | 5.24 | Toledo Refinery (formerly BP-Husky, now Ohio Refining Company); PBF Toledo Refinery | Ohio Rate Sheet No. 11.12 |
| Chicago Complex | Buckeye Pipeline | WARREN | gasoline, distillate | 256.01 | 6.10 | FERC No. 445.23.0 item Table 1 |
Supply resilience
- pipeline supply
- Limited
- pipeline systems delivering
- 2
- terminals on two or more pipelines
- 0
- terminals with no pipeline tariff
- 1
Two pipeline systems deliver here: one can cover for the other where a terminal is on both.
If a pipeline system goes down
| Pipeline system | Terminals it reaches here | With no other pipeline | Which |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buckeye Pipeline | 1 | 1 | Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) |
| Sunoco / Energy Transfer | 1 | 1 | Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal |
Counts pipeline systems with a tariff delivery point here, not capacity, storage or contracts. A system with two lines into the market still counts once, and a terminal with one pipeline may also receive by truck, rail or water. For a refinery or pipeline outage across every market it touches, open that facility’s page.
Delivered ethanol cost
- ¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · lowest in the market
- +6.25
- ¢/gal over Chicago ethanol · highest
- +6.58
An estimate for each terminal: the cheapest of published rail rates and trucking from the nearest plants, plus basis, transload, terminaling and carrying cost. Each terminal page shows the build-up line by line.
| Terminal | ¢/gal over Chicago | By | From | Miles |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunoco Partners Marketing &Terminals L.p. - Youngstown Terminal | +6.25 | truck | CE Acquisitions Co LLC (Coshocton, OH) | 102 |
| Mplx Youngsville | +6.29 | truck | CE Acquisitions Co LLC (Coshocton, OH) | 103 |
| Buckeye Terminals, LLC - Niles (Warren Terminal) | +6.58 | truck | CE Acquisitions Co LLC (Coshocton, OH) | 109 |
Nearby rack markets
Rack markets within 75 miles (straight line): where a buyer here could also lift.
| Rack market | Miles | Terminals | Pipelines |
|---|---|---|---|
| Midland, PA | 34 | 3 | 2 |
| Akron/Canton, OH | 40 | 5 | 4 |
| Coraopolis, PA | 48 | 3 | 2 |
| Steubenville, OH | 49 | 1 | 1 |
| Neville Island, PA | 52 | 1 | 1 |
| Cleveland, OH | 54 | 8 | 2 |
| Pittsburgh, PA | 55 | 4 | 2 |
| Indianola, PA | 57 | 1 | 1 |
| Oil City, PA | 61 | 1 | — |
| Blawnox, PA | 67 | 2 | 2 |
Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.