Phillips 66 Billings Refinery

Phillips 66 Company · Phillips 66 · Billings, MT

Operating PADD4 IRS refinery no. R-81-MT-0076 jet fuel petroleum coke sulfur

Aerial view of the site Imagery: USDA, USGS The National Map (public domain)

bpd crude capacity · EIA 2026: 71,000
pipelines it injects into · +2 same-city tariff origins: 2
delivery points reachable: 11
terminals on those points: 12
events on record: 2

Capability

Crude distillation 71,000 bpd operable, 71,000 operating (EIA-820, as of 2026-01-01). Downstream units below, barrels per calendar day.

Conversion — makes gasoline and diesel from heavier oil

Catalytic cracking (FCC)	23,700
Delayed coking	19,000

Upgrading

Catalytic reforming — high pressure	9,200
Vacuum distillation	52,000 sd

Treating — meets sulfur specs

Hydrotreating — diesel	32,300 sd
Hydrotreating — kerosene & jet	25,000 sd
Hydrotreating — heavy gas oil	29,380 sd

Production capacity

Alkylates · 7,130 Hydrogen mmcfd · 50 Isomerization isobutane · 4,470 Petcoke market · 6,412 Sulfur short tons day · 325

Crude slate

Montana DEQ's permit review says the plant was designed to refine heavy sour crude oil. It also says the crude and vacuum unit project lets the plant process both conventional crude oils and SynBit and oil sands crude oils.

Crude in & products out

Direction	Mode	Route	Point / origin	Products	Source
crude in	pipeline	Glacier Pipeline Phillips 66 Carrier LLC filed Montana PSC crude tariff No. 2.7 in May 2022 for its pipeline from Cut Bank Station to Billings/Laurel, Yellowstone County. A 2016 trade report describes the system as crude supply for the Billings refinery, with a 79% undivided interest in a 623 mile pipeline and 570,000 barrels of storage.	Cut Bank Station, Glacier County, Montana	crude	source
products out	pipeline	Yellowstone Pipeline Yellowstone Pipe Line Company's Montana P.S.C. No. 49.22, effective 2026-08-01, runs from Billings to Bozeman, Helena, Great Falls and Missoula. Its Montana P.S.C. No. 48.19 runs from Billings to Alkali Creek Junction, where a Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC line (Montana P.S.C. No. 3.19) continues to the Burlington Northern Railroad facility at Laurel. The tariffs name Billings as the origin and do not name the refinery; Phillips 66 says the refinery's products move by pipeline to Montana, Idaho and Washington.	Billings, MT (tariff origin point; the facility at the origin is not named)	gasoline distillate jet fuel	source
products out	pipeline	Phillips 66 Pipeline This is the Seminoe products line. Phillips 66 Carrier LLC's F.E.R.C. No. 19.25.0 runs from Billings, Yellowstone County, to Sheridan, Casper, Sinclair and Tisdale Junction, Wyoming, and to Rocky Mountain Pipeline System at Casper. The tariff names the county point, not the refinery; a 2016 trade report describes the system as product takeaway for the Billings refinery, with 342 miles of pipeline and 386,000 barrels of storage.	Billings, Yellowstone County, MT (Seminoe line origin)	gasoline distillate	source
products out	rail	Rail loading (railroad not named) Phillips 66 says refined products are distributed by pipeline, railcar and truck. The Montana DEQ operating permit lists a Railroad Loading Rack and railcar loading of clarified oil, molten sulfur and NaHS. Neither source says which fuels are loaded to railcars.	Billings, MT	gasoline distillate jet fuel sulfur	source
products out	truck rack	Phillips 66 Pipeline - Billings terminal truck rack (IRS T-81-MT-4000) The rack is at the Phillips 66 Pipeline terminal next to the refinery, permitted as Phillips 66 Pipe Line Company - Billings Transportation Operations. Montana DEQ says gasoline and distillate are loaded into tank trucks there under a stand-alone Title V permit (OP4056-05). DEQ treats the terminal as contiguous with the refinery, under common control and a support facility to it.	23rd & Fourth Ave South, Billings, MT	gasoline distillate	source

Pipeline reach

Pipeline	Injects at	Delivery points	Terminals	Lowest ¢/bbl	Median ¢/bbl
Magellan Midstream	Billings, MT (via P66 Seminoe Pipeline to Casper) same city	5	4	570.98	649.07
Yellowstone Pipeline	Billings, Montana (Billings-area refineries) per research	5	7	55.68	132.19
Cenex Pipeline	Billings, Yellowstone County, MT same city	1	1	165.37	165.37

Substitutes

Other refineries injecting into the same pipelines — the supply that could backfill an outage here.

Events

2025-01-21 expansion
Phillips 66 raised the gas oil throughput limit of the fluid catalytic cracking unit from 24,000 to 26,000 barrels per day under Montana air permit #2619-46. It applied for the matching Title V change on 2025-01-21, and the change is in final permit OP2619-20. source
2024-02-09 fire
Two separate fires in one day at the Billings refinery. The first sent black smoke visible for miles. No injuries; cause under investigation. source

Rates are pipeline line-haul transcribed from published FERC tariffs; every figure cites its tariff and item. Cost to serve (netback) adds origin spot price and destination fees. "Confirmed" links match a tariff delivery point to the facility; "same city" means the point is in the facility's city — plausible, not proof; "per research" means the facility's research profile names the pipeline as an outlet.